Media vs Creative Strategy in Advertising - 2505 Words

CMM3120 Current Issues in Marketing Communications 2012 Current Issue Essay on â€Å"What is more important: Media strategy or creative strategy?† Cecilia Setiawan 10167897 Advertising is a partnership between creative and media strategies. Each play a very important role in creating an advertisement, that it is almost impossible to draw a line between the two. Alasdair Reid (1994) asserts that as early as in the 1990s creative and media strategies were still very much inseparable due to the fact that advertising â€Å"used to be a very simple business† (1994, p. 15) – producing an ad was more focused on creation of the content, rather than the placement. These days, however, with new media spawning, separating media and creative†¦show more content†¦Each medium has its own specific attributes and so each influences people in different ways – print media, for example, has a tactical sense of touch, while eletronic media is more visually exciting. Deciding which to go for beforehand to reach a particular type of audience is vital to a campaign’s success – it is important to note, however, that choosing the w rong medium can bring a negative impact to the product. This speaks true for promotional materials that are considered â€Å"annoying†, such as junk mail or pop-up online ads. Most of the time, no matter how appealing the offer or advert content is, the reader will simply dismiss it, because they have developed such abhorrence of that vehicle. Bronner and Neijens have found that when consumers are highly engaged with a media vehicle, they can be more responsive to advertising (2006). Coca Cola used this to their advantage when, in 2010, they felt that their regular medium of TV was not attracting the younger generation anymore and they decided to break outside their usual platform (Shayon, 2011). The Big Idea was recycled from prior campaigns – â€Å"Open Happiness† – but this time, knowing that young adults and teens have been spending more time on the Internet than on TV, they opted to create a form of online advertisement – a viral video, of a â€Å"magical† Coke machine placed in a student cafeteria that omitted unexpected giftsShow MoreRelatedAdvertising Research758 Words   |  4 Pages8/28/2012 Why Advertising Research? Introduction to Advertising Research Ying Xie MKT 6335: Advertising Research Fall 2012 Naveen Jindal School of Management University of Texas at Dallas ï‚â€" What is advertising? ï‚â€" What is good advertising, in your opinion? 1 2 Why Advertising Research? ï‚â€" How do we create an advertising campaign? ï‚â€" 1. creative strategy: a statement or concept of what a particular message or campaign will say – a big idea ï‚â€" Absolute Vodka ï‚â€" MasterCard â€Å"there areRead MoreIMC and Customer Satisfaction805 Words   |  4 Pages Advertising strategy alignment with marketing Scentsy’s marketing and advertising strategies are related, but not the same. The advertising strategy is made up of tactics and methods Scentsy will employ to carry out the marketing plan. There strategic advertising plans include promotional efforts that build public awareness of the business and its products. Once the Scentsy consultant has created awareness of the product, they will then be able to use the various advertising media and channelsRead Moremarketing plan1136 Words   |  5 Pageswill be for a product line and will be an annual marketing plan. The plan will follow solid marketing strategy. The marketing plan should be sound as a sound plan is the key to the success of a business. The plan should include market research, internal and external environmental factors, demographics, PROVISION’s competition, market positioning and product price, selling points, advertising and promotions that will be utilized. This tool will help assess PROVISION’s strengths and weaknesses. Read MoreTechnology and Organizational Structure1744 Words   |  7 Pagesof organization structures. There is no ‘one fit all’ organizational structure that has proven effective in contributing to business success. Organizations operate in different environments with different opportunities, products, tasks, risks, strategies, constraints, strengths and weakness, and different organizational structures to meet those challenges (Reference for Business, n.d.). There are two types of organizational structures found in business environments; centralized and decentralizedRead MoreMark3333840 Words   |  16 PagesCommunications amp; Advertising Study Notes Autumn Session Advertising:- a paid, mediated form of communication from an identifiable source, designed to persuade the receiver to take some action, now or in the future Roles of Advertising * Communication amp; Persuasion * Brand Equity * Brand Image * Relationship Marketing Classifications of Advertising Consumers * National Advertising * Retail/local advertising * Primary vs Selective Demand Advertising Organisations Read MoreThe Super Bowl Of The National Football League1544 Words   |  7 Pagessports unfold--the Super Bowl. The one-game, winner-take-all contest for supremacy in the National Football League has grown into more than just a football game opposing the best teams of the NFL. It has become the premier event for new television advertising. With half of the ten, all-time most watched television events having been Super Bowls; networks are able to sell precious seconds of airtime to large companies for millions of dollars. As we move into the 21st century, publicity for the game’sRead MorePublic Relations : Print Media Vs. Social Media1675 Words   |  7 PagesPR and Integrated Communications Towson University â€Æ' Issues in Public Relations: Print Media vs. Social Media Since its beginnings, public relations have been helpful and effective to every type of business that applies it or situation where it is applied. For decades, and even to date, one the most used ways of public relations have been the print media; however, a new and different method known as social media emerged worldwide and has caused different consequences in the field of public relationsRead MoreArun Verma- Lays Potato Chips2750 Words   |  11 Pagesadded sales levels but to have them based upon enhanced equity, a move which involves improved recognition, enhanced perceived quality, changed associations, an expanded customer base and increased loyalty. David A. Aaker – Professor of Marketing Strategy at University of California at Berkeley. This is a story of risk and reward. About having the guts to effectively withdraw the Hostess Brand from the market, even though it was Canada’s largest snack food trademark and the company s flagshipRead MoreWimpy, Debonairs Pizza And Steers Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestment value. The state of the economy in South Africa is very volatile and unfavorable for business, the challenges faced by these franchise in the wake of economic and political instability will be examined in this task as well along with strategies to handle the challenges. Debonairs Pizza is the leading take out and home delivery chain in Africa, with a footprint of 400 outlets locally and internationally. It has representation in 13 countries across Africa and the Middle East. The franchiseRead MoreTarget Audience : A Marketing Communicator1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthe way from awareness through purchase , but the frame work suggest the desirable qualities like †¢ Message Strategy: company searches for appeals, themes, or ideas that will tie in to the brand positioning. Some of these may be related to product or service performance. Others mat relate to extrinsic considerations – the brand as being contempory, popular, or traditional. †¢ Creative Strategy: it’s the way marketers trnalate their messages into specific communication. Information appeal will elaborate

Ernest Hemingway s The Sun Also Rises - 1640 Words

The post-WWI political and societal climate produced a steep increase in the number of American expatriates in Europe. These expatriates were disillusioned by the horrors that they witnessed during wartime. Romantic ideals became obsolete, and traditional values of love and happiness faded with them. The effects of this disillusionment can be seen in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, a novel that revolves around the relationships and characters of a group of expatriates on vacation in Spain for the Running of the Bulls Festival. Of these characters, only one still subscribes to prewar values: Robert Cohn. Robert Cohn did not fight in the war, unlike the others in the group, but he lost most of his inheritance, his wife, and the†¦show more content†¦Based on Jake’s observations, it can be observed that Cohn has turned to books to cope with the pain and disappointment of having a â€Å"rotten time †¦ in college† and â€Å"not be[ing] everything to his first wife† (Hemingway 16). These books range from travel guides on South America to romantic love stories like The Purple Land which, according to Jake, is a â€Å"very sinister book if read too late in life† due to its â€Å"splendid imaginary amorous† contents (17). This observation tells the reader about Cohn’s mindset, as well as Jake’s. Due to the personal nature of Cohn’s failures resulting in his losses, Cohn still has a sense of optimism and romanticism that he explores through reading books like The Purple Land as they provide him with inspiration for ways to better his life and his character. Jake, however, believes that Cohn’s obsession with The Purple Land is naive. Jake believes that his war-induced impotence has destroyed his love life, leading him to conclude that The Purple Land portrays an inaccurate representation of love. Jake has lost all hope for himself, and this mindset proves it. One night, after looking at himself naked in the mirror, Jake â€Å"started to cry† after getting lost in his thoughts, revealing how hopeless he believes his situation is and how he still cannot fully come to terms with his condition (38-39). DueShow MoreRelatedErnest Hemingway s The Sun Also Rises1353 Words   |  6 Pagesa picture for others to see as the author sees it. Ernest Hemingway creates The Sun Also Rises to do both jobs. It’s a lot harder to visualize something if there is not enough description, but Hemingway uses the right amount of detail to paint a picture of every lesson he wants to teach. Colors are a very important part of describing how things look, and they can also be used relatively with a strong characteristic of one’s character. Hemingway uses color throughout the novel as a way to characterizeRead MoreErnest Hemingway s Arms And The Sun Also Rises2140 Words   |  9 Pages Hemingway is one of the greatest American writers of the twentieth century. In his works A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway uses damaged soldiers to reveal war in its real nature and how it effects people. He tries to show to people that war is not made out how it looks in movies, posters, etc. He also feels that war is unproductive by nature and that most goals in war are mostly pointless. He also shows readers that military conflict often causes people to have shallow valuesRead MoreErnest Hemingway s The Lost Generation885 Words   |  4 PagesErnest Hemingway was a famous modernist writer during the 20th century. Hemingway was part of what was known as â€Å"The Lost Generation† this name arose post-World War 1. The modernist movement was a drastic change in numerous things such as art and literature. Ernest contributed much to this movement with his literary works. World War 1 played a major role in not only modernism, but also Hemingway’s wr iting. Ernest Miller Hemingway was a modernist writer who took his experiences from World War 1 andRead MoreThe Story Of The Lost Generation1661 Words   |  7 Pageslike the characters in The Sun Also Rises do sounds like fun but it isn t what it seems. Ernest Hemingway writes a piece of literature that when looked upon through a new historicist critical perspective exposes the underlying truth and an uglier reality that is normally suppressed presents itself. New historicist criticism in a nutshell is arguing that the literature is directly influenced by the time period and place in which it occurs, but The Sun Also Rises also reflects the attitudes andRead MoreSilvia Parra Dela Longa. Professor: Leslie Richardson.1404 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor: Leslie Richardson ENGL 2342 26 February 2017 The Style of Ernest Hemingway According to critic Robert McCrum, associate literary editor of The Observer, and writer of six novels (theguardian.com) The Sun also Rises ranks number 53 on the list of the 100 best novels of 20th century American Literature. Why does The Sun Also Rises is respected as landmark in the world of words? One of the reasons is about the writing style of Hemingway, which transformed the path of American and English literatureRead More Hemingways The Sun Also Rises Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesHemingways The Sun Also Rises Hemingway sat down to write The Sun Also Rises on September 15,1925 and only six days later, the first draft was complete with the title of Fiesta. The first draft was almost a direct journalistic account of his experience in Paris and Spain, with the names of the characters corresponding to real people. After taking a break from it and writing The Torrents of Spring in order to break his contract with publisher Horace Liverwright, Hemingway returned toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1289 Words   |  6 Pages Once the United States entered the war, fresh young faces like eighteen-year-old Ernest Hemingway lined up to fight for their country. Sadly â€Å"An eye problem barred him from the army, so he joined the ambulance corps† which allowed him to aid in the war effort overseas (Levine 795). Less than a year later while attending to Italian soldiers, he was wounded by Austrian mortar and machine-gun fire (Putnam). Hemingway was then ho spitalized for months recovering from his injuries. His injuries allowedRead MoreHemingway vs. Fitzgerald1518 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920’s is often referred to as the â€Å"Lost Generation.† This was a time of hopelessness and heartache from the damages of the war which caused carelessness and lack of responsibility. Everyone was affected in some way and often could not handle the situation, usually turning to alcohol to relieve all problems. According to Gertrude Stein, the literary figures of the 1920’s â€Å"drank themselves to death†, especially two of the greatest writers of the 20th century, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest HemingwayRead More Effective Writing Style in Hemingways The Sun Also Rises Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesStyle in Hemingways The Sun Also Rises â€Å"The bull charged as Romero charged. Romero’s left hand dropped the muleta over the bull’s muzzle to blind him, his left shoulder went forward between the horns as the sword went in and for just an instant he and the bull were one† (p. 222). Ernest Hemingway is one of the greatest American authors of all time. With his ability to pull the reader into the unfolding story and make them feel like one of the characters, Hemingway excels at showing how aRead MoreThe Dependence On Futility : An Analysis Of Brett Ashley1004 Words   |  5 PagesShivani Kapur Mrs. Moore AP English V 18 December 2014 The Dependence on Futility: An Analysis of Brett Ashley In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway employs metafiction to reveal the nature of World War One and its effect on individual ideals. Narrating the novel from the first person perspective of the protagonist, Jake Barnes, Hemingway clearly contrasts between fiction and reality. Although the reader has a limited perspective on the events in the novel, the lack of emotional connection between

Lecture Notes about CSR And Ecological Environment †Free Sample

Question: Describe about the distinguish between different trends in the area of CSR and Ecology and discuss their strength and weaknesses. Answer: Literature Review of CSR and Ecology Corporate Social Responsibility is like a social regulation which is integrated into the business model of the company. It is considered to be very important for any company and hence adhering to the requirement of the same is very important for any organization. CSR policy of the company is considered to be self regulator and hence it can help in adherence to the spirit of law, follow all ethical standards and are subjected to best international norms. Sometimes critics have questioned whether the practice of CSR is only window dressing or an extension of the arms of the business under social norms. Closely linked with the concept of CSR is the ecology. Since an organization works in an ecosystem there has always been a close connection with the whole ecology of the same (Andersen, 2009). The objective of the CSR practice should be to minimize the impact of the company on the environment. It has been seen that many companies have focused on good raw material procurement which will r esult in lower industrial waste and hence minimizing the impact on the environment. However it has been seen that most organization tends to focus towards the end of the production process and miss out on the main areas of concern. Industry ecology and its relation with the practice of CSR focus on creating optimization at each level of the groupings which exist in the company. The strategy involves exchange of industrial residues wherever possible, it has been seen that residue for someone can actually be the raw material for the other company. There has also been increased stress in this ecological system on usage of shared services, recycling, rainwater harvesting, and valorization of the some of the by-products. Governments have also aided such CSR by creating industrial parks where exchange of services and products can be easily achieved without major increase in cost. Corporate Social Responsibility is a voluntary initiative, however many corporate have used the same for huge brand building exercise. The objective of the CSR is to provide the environment in turn of the damage the companies tend to do in the normal course of the business. Organization and the major stakeholders have taken a major step towards working out the strategy of CSR and then implemented it across organization (Andersen, 2009). In the 21st century corporations are also becoming involved in this because customers across the value chain are becoming quite sensitive towards the environment and ecology. A person with kids includes a stake throughout long term ages and also the power with the natural environment to aid living. However ecological beneficial exercise is also regarding small business proficiency -- it's abou t the best by using valuable unprocessed trash, in addition to eating the advantages of action straight right through to the underside range. What is considered environmentally friendly important thing of one's processes? The response is usually tangled up throughout the amount of strength you use -- and also the info this strength work with makes towards troubles such as local weather transform. It's tangled up throughout the method that you origin your own unprocessed trash -- in addition to precisely what is the actual effect when the environment of their removal? It's tangled up throughout the amount of mineral water you use. And it's also underlined by means of the amount of ecological possibility people get. In case you go wrong, the prices might be high. The requirement regarding international action is usually significantly primary governing bodies to commence for you to price tag higher via taxation the assets which need preserving. Sustain attachment to these assets too much time, and you can come across competitors causing people driving. An evergrowing system associated with ecological laws also threatens for y ou to give you fees as well as a destroyed popularity for almost any ecological mishaps on a single of one's sites. And also whatever the case, in case you have not researched your own method to spot exactly where spend happens, you will be most likely burning off on about 1% of one's entire turnover that is changed straight from your garbage ton to the important thing (Andersen, 2009). What is considered the blessing? Please your clients! Customers have grown to be significantly requiring. As knowing of the actual international size associated with ecological troubles expands, they will are trying to find businesses presenting these people with acquiring decisions and this can be taken without having reducing the future. Reduce your costs! Misused strength, misused mineral water, unprocessed trash that are purchased and then discarded, potential ecological accidents producing fees -- every one of these are charging your online business money. You want to optimize your own proficiency -- in addition to it's really a much more inventive in addition to regarding increasing excellent as compared to you'd probably previously feel. Control Possibility! No matter whether your online business feels it's inside the Exxon Valdez buy-ins, the idea could be prone to falling strong of the developing system associated with ecological laws. And also becoming seen as an charged polluter can offer a number of impacts with regard to whether people grown into seen as an provider of preference because of your management and business consumers -- a lot of to whom are now starting to contemplate provide cycle troubles inside their personal ecological policies. What are troubles? Factor for you to green house gasoline emissions via strength work with and other parts of your own method Usage of unprocessed trash, each nonrenewable resouces which by means of classification are certainly not sustainable eventually, and since importantly environmentally friendly assets that are manufactured in a manner which can be definitely not at the moment sustainable. Prospect of ecological accidents -- produces associated with pollution in to oxygen, mineral water or maybe property. Management and business sociable responsibility (CSR) encourages any perspective of enterprise accountability in order to a wide range of stakeholders, other than investors in addition to traders. Important areas of issue usually are environmental defense and the well-being of staff, the city in addition to civil community generally, both equally right now in addition to sometime soon. The very idea of CSR is actually underpinned from the undeniable fact that firms still can't act as out of the way monetary organisations managing throughout detachment through bigger community. Conventional views concerning competitiveness, emergency in addition to profitability are being swept absent. A few of the individuals pressing enterprise to CSR include: The actual downsizing part of federal government In the past, government authorities have got relied with laws in addition to rules to supply sociable in addition to environmental objectives in the commercial field. Becoming less federal government assets, as well as any suspicion of rules, possesses resulted in the actual exploration of non-reflex in addition to non-regulatory initiatives alternatively. Requirements pertaining to larger disclosure We have a expanding requirement pertaining to corporate and business disclosure through stakeholders, such as buyers, vendors, staff, towns, traders, in addition to activist organizations. Improved buyer attention There exists facts that this honorable carryout of firms exerts an expanding effect about the paying for decisions of buyers. In a new questionnaire by simply Environics Global, many throughout five customers described possessing sometimes paid as well as punished firms based on the perceived sociable effectiveness. Growing trader force People usually are modifying the direction they assess companies' effectiveness, and are also doing decisions based on requirements which include honorable worries. The actual Interpersonal Investment Online community reports that will in the united states throughout 1999, there seemed to be over $2 trillion worthy of of resources purchased portfolios that will utilised displays from the natural environment in addition to sociable responsibility. A different questionnaire by simply Environics Global disclosed that will greater than a 1 / 4 of share-owning People in america had taken under consideration honorable criteria whenever dealing shares. Reasonably competitive time marketplaces Staff members usually are increasingly searching past salaries in addition to benefits, in addition to seeking out business employers whose philosophies in addition to managing techniques match their very own principles. So as to use in addition to retain qualified staff, firms are being compelled to enhance operating problems. Company relations Because stakeholders have grown to be increasingly considering enterprise matters, a lot of firms usually are getting methods to make certain the companions carryout themselves in the socially accountable approach. A number of usually are adding unique codes of carryout for their vendors, to make certain additional companies' plans as well as techniques usually do not tarnish the status. However, a lot of firms still ignore CSR inside the present sequence - one example is by simply adding in addition to retailing wood that has been illegally harvested. Even though government authorities could demand embargos in addition to charges with offending firms, the actual organizations themselves may make a commitment in order to sustainability when you are far more scary of their collection of vendors. The very idea of corporate and business sociable responsibility is now securely grounded about the worldwide enterprise intention. But as a way to transfer through idea in order to real activi ty, a lot of obstructions should be triumph over. An integral difficult task facing enterprise would be the requirement of far more dependable signs of improvement in the field of CSR, with the dissemination of CSR approaches. Visibility in addition to debate may help make a enterprise show up far more trusted, in addition to force in the standards of additional organizations while doing so. A person with kids includes a stake throughout long term ages and also the power with the natural environment to aid living. However ecological beneficial exercise is also regarding small business proficiency -- it's about the best by using valuable unprocessed trash, in addition to eating the advantages of action straight right through to the underside range. The actual Global Confirming Project is usually an global, multi-stakeholder effort to generate a common platform pertaining to non-reflex reporting with the monetary, environmental, in addition to sociable impact of organization-level activity. Their assignment would be to increase the comparability in addition to standing of sustainability reporting throughout the world. There exists growing acknowledgement with the incredible importance of public-private partners throughout CSR. Non-public enterprise is actually needs to reach out to additional users of civil community for example non-governmental organizations, the actual United nations, in addition to countrywide in addition to regional government authorities. Among this kind of relationship would be the 'Global Compact'. Launched throughout 1999 from the United nations, the actual Global Compact is often a coalition of large companies, deal unions in addition to environmental in addition to individual protection under the law c ommunities, produced with each other to share any debate with corporate and business sociable responsibility. The actual 'Working having NGOs' portion delivers many information in to the approach companies in addition to entrance hall communities work with each other in order to good profit. Managing instruction performs a crucial part throughout execution of CSR approaches, in addition to there exists a lot more management meetings in addition to classes offered on the subject. Agencies that supply this sort of instruction include Global Duty, Organization pertaining to Interpersonal Duty and the Management and business Interpersonal Duty Online community. Focus on social environmental and fiscal sustainability has turned into a target of numerous CSR attempts. Durability seemed to be originally thought of with regard to preserving your earths methods. Inside 1987, the globe Fee in Surroundings and Growth posted Our Widespread Future, a new landmark steps policy for environmental sustainability. The particular commission outlined sustainability since meeting the wants on the existing with out limiting the power associated with potential decades to meet their particular desires. Firms are inhibited through stakeholders which includes clients, staff members, traders and activists in order to develop a new system intended for how they will probably keep fiscal success although caring for their particular staff members and the environment. Core traders will be inhibited to make sure that these people evaluation CSR issues when considering organizations. The particular United nations Surroundings Program Monetary Effort requested on the list of worlds largest lawyers to analyze whether institutional traders for example pension plan finances and insurance companies usually are officially permitted in order to include environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues in expense decision-making and title practices. The particular caused report, released in Oct 2005, figured traders cant be found merely permitted in order to but also from time to time forced to carry such components into mind. Integrating environment, social and governance concerns straight into a expense investigation in order to more reliably forecast personal performance is actually clearly permissible which is likely necessary in most jurisdictions, your report came to the conclusion. Socially in charge traders are an important prompt wondering organizations in order to develop a new CSR agenda for your previous decade. Nowadays, mainstream banking institutions have likewise arrived at benefit CSR. A new Jan 2005 review associated with mainstream expense professionals found that will 73% expected that will socially in charge expense signals might be very common in mainstream investment within several years. Inside Come early july 2013, a new Spectrem Class review found, that 49% associated with Millennial traders with additional compared to $1 zillion in net worth described these people applied socially in charge criteria in order to submit their particular portfolios. These kinds of curiosity ceased along with age group 43% associated with Creation A millionaires held the identical look at, accompanied by 34% associated with Forty somethings and beyond and 27% on the earliest cohort, that this review tag words since seniors. One major weak spot associated with CSR and sustainability reviews is actually not enough common procedures associated with performance which usually can cause hyperbole and greenwashing. The particular Worldwide Credit reporting Effort is often a multi-stakeholder course of action which usually attempts in order to refine a couple of common, worldwide suitable CSR/sustainability confirming rules. This process possesses incorporated your active engagement associated with distributors via company, accountancy, expense, environmental, man rights, exploration, and work businesses via around the world. More than seven hundred organizations get posted CSR or even sustainability reviews as per GRI rules. Since an organization works in an ecosystem there has alwa ys been a close connection with the whole ecology of the same. The objective of the CSR practice should be to minimize the impact of the company on the environment. It has been seen that many companies have focused on good raw material procurement which will result in lower industrial waste and hence minimizing the impact on the environment. However it has been seen that most organization tends to focus towards the end of the production process and miss out on the main areas of concern. Industry ecology and its relation with the practice of CSR focus on creating optimization at each level of the groupings which exist in the company. The strategy involves exchange of industrial residues wherever possible, it has been seen that residue for someone can actually be the raw material for the other company. References: Andersen, M., Skjoett-Larsen, T. (2009). Corporate social responsibility in global supply chains. Supply chain management: an international journal, 14(2), 75-86 Banerjee, S. B. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology, 34(1), 51-79 Barnea, A., Rubin, A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of business ethics, 97(1), 71-86 Basu, K., Palazzo, G. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: A process model of sensemaking. Academy of management review, 33(1), 122-136 Bnabou, R., Tirole, J. (2010). Individual and corporate social responsibility.Economica, 77(305), 1-19 Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S., Korschun, D. (2008). Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. MIT Sloan management review, 49(2) Carroll, A. B., Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: a review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85-105 Chatterji, A. K., Levine, D. I., Toffel, M. W. (2009). How well do social ratings actually measure corporate social responsibility?. Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 18(1), 125-169. Crane, A., Matten, D., Spence, L. J. (Eds.). (2008). Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context. London: Routledge Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate social responsibility and environmental management, 15(1), 1-13 Devinney, T. M. (2009). Is the socially responsible corporation a myth? The good, the bad, and the ugly of corporate social responsibility. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(2), 44-56 Dhaliwal, D. S., Li, O. Z., Tsang, A., Yang, Y. G. (2011). Voluntary nonfinancial disclosure and the cost of equity capital: The initiation of corporate social responsibility reporting. The Accounting Review, 86(1), 59-100 Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication.International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8-19 Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., Hansen, J. M. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425-445 Jamali, D. (2008). A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility: A fresh perspective into theory and practice. Journal of business ethics, 82(1), 213-231 KEITH, N. (2008). Corporate social responsibility Kotler, P., Lee, N. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. John Wiley Sons Lee, M. D. P. (2008). A review of the theories of corporate social responsibility: Its evolutionary path and the road ahead. International journal of management reviews, 10(1), 53-73 Lindgreen, A., Swaen, V. (2010). Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 1-7 Matten, D., Moon, J. (2008). Implicit and explicit CSR: a conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility.Academy of management review, 33(2), 404-424 Perrini, F., Tencati, A. (2008). Corporate social responsibility. Un approccio strategico alla gestione dimpresa, Egea, Milano Suyanto, M. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility. Karya Ilmiah Dosen Turker, D. (2009). Measuring corporate social responsibility: A scale development study. Journal of business ethics, 85(4), 411-427 Visser, W. (2008). Corporate social responsibility in developing countries. The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility, 473-479 Weber, M. (2008). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A company-level measurement approach for CSR. European Management Journal, 26(4), 247-261 Werther Jr, W. B., Chandler, D. (2010). Strategic corporate social responsibility: Stakeholders in a global environment. Sage Publications

Process of Change Inventory

Introduction Inventory has always been defined as the taking of stock for raw materials, supplier components, and works in process and even finished goods that appear at various points of production and logistics channel. Others define it as the listing of assets or any form of items for formal purposes. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Process of Change Inventory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inventory involves several activities which among others include recording of items, time and even costs involved in the management of the listed items. The process of taking inventories involves a cost and that is why several methods of taking inventories exist and people adopt the different methods depending on the processes involved. Process Management problems involve decision making problems. The fact that companies have to acquire, allocate and control the factors of productions brings out the necessity for invento ry management. In order to improve the management of a business, sometimes it is necessary to change the inventory method so as to realize what you have not been achieving and the reasons behind. In order to reduce the inventories and thus the costs involved, it should be the role of the company management to ensure that the activities taking place in the business are geared towards achieving and meeting the customer needs without excess stocks being left unused. The process of change of inventory can also be achieved through analysis of all the inventory items involved. With the goods in the inventory being important according to their contribution towards the company goals, the items which generate high returns should be given a higher priority compared to those with low returns. The process of inventory can also be changed by classifying the inventory according to the bulkiness in order to be aware of the transport logistics that may be involved. This is due to the fact that dif ferent items require different transport means. The inventory method can also be changed by adapting new, better, and improved demand forecasting methods. Better forecasting methods reduces variability in terms of the expected against actual sales. The management can also introduce inventory management software which, when data is fed to it, can predict all the inventory management that is involved. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By managers using this software, they are able to predict easily the fast moving inventories as well as the more profitable items in the company. Finally, the use of postponement methods is another way of improving and changing the inventory method. This process involves modifying or customizing products after the main manufacturing process has been completed then delay the configuration and distribution process to the time when the distribution c ycle will be favorable. Conclusion When the management decides that the existing inventory method in use is not serving the business right, then a process of changing the inventory begins. From the study we can conclude that the process of inventory change can be brought about by the desire to reduce the inventory so that no excess inventories are left idle. The desire to introduce better forecasting methods in order to ensure the business gains optimally from the inventory is another reason why the inventory process might be changed. Another reason why change of inventory might be necessary is if the business plans to delay the configuration and the distribution process so that to ensure the time for release will be favorable and this can force also the change in the inventory process. This essay on Process of Change Inventory was written and submitted by user Nathaniel Summers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

mound builders of north america essays

mound builders of north america essays The mound builders of North America have allured the curiosity of scholars and architects since the days of de Soto. Having such a long history, and being the most advanced civilization in the United States portion of North America, their history, vague and ancient, has continued to excite scholars up until current times. Mounds are scattered all over the United States as far west as the Rocky Mountains. Some, especially in Illinois and the Mississippi region, are very impressive, reaching as much as 100 feet high and covering sixteen square acres. Likewise, there are many very small mounds that are often mistaken for natural geographical features. Mounds have been classified by scholars into three major categories: effigy mounds, burial mounds, and temple mounds. Effigy mounds are most common in the northern part of the United States near the Great Lakes and as far up as the Canadian Shield. These cleverly designed effigies are remarkable in geometric precision and very impressive, especially since it is so far unexplained how they were constructed. The purpose for the creation of these amazing earthen artworks is also obscured, hidden somewhere in the far past, but it can be assumed, judging by the general patterns of other ancient cultures, that ancient mound building people had originally d esigned them for spiritual purposes. Burial mounds are usually distinguishable by their cone shape, and received their name from theories concerning their purpose. The majority of architects agree that mounds did serve as mortuaries and that the elite were buried in them. The possibility that the mounds contained human sacrifices has also been considered, and many theorist that base their inferences on the similarities between the mound builders and the Mexican cultures have not overlooked this theory. The temple mounds in the southern regions of the United States are famous for the pyramid-like structure and their layered constructi...

A Novel IS Fiction

A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction By Maeve Maddox Ive noticed that some people talk about fiction novels. A novel IS fiction. One can talk about writing a novel OR about writing fiction. To combine the two is to wear a belt with suspenders. (Another example of reluctance to let the word do the work.) In writing terms, fiction is any non-factual narrative composition. It may be short or long. It may contain historical or scientific facts, and it may describe characters named for historical personages, but the conversations and treatment of events are understood to have been made up by the author. Fiction may be written in various lengths. Here are some guidelines. A short story is a fictional narrative of no longer than 20,000 words and no shorter than 1,000. Most short stories run between 3,000 and 10,000 words so that they may be read at a single sitting. A novelette is a fictional narrative of from 7,500 to 17,500 words in length. A novella is a fictional narrative between 17,500 and 40,000 words. A recent fad called flash fiction concerns itself with the writing of extremely short narratives. People disagree as to the length of flash fiction. The only point of agreement is that it is shorter than the traditional short story, no longer than 2,000 words. Most flash fiction is between 250 and 1,000 words. Various terms for these very short narratives are in use. The oldest is short short story. More recently one hears postcard fiction, micro-fiction, micro-story, and sudden fiction. Some websites now feature what are called one sentence stories. The ones Ive read dont appear to be anything more than well-crafted sentences one would expect to find in a conventional story. They tend to be descriptive and anecdotal, but not true stories. Finally there is the novel, a long fictional narrative that can be from 60,000-100,000 words. For some authors 100,000 words are not enough: James Joyce, Ulysses: 250,000 words (It only seems longer.) Victor Hugo, Les Miserables: 513,000 words. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace: 460,000 words in the original; 560,000 words in English translation. Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged: 645,000 words. Samuel Richardson, Clarissa: 969,000 words. (English majors have to read this early example of an epistolary novela story told as a collection of letters.) AND THE WINNER IS Marcel Proust, A la recherche du temps perdu (In English Remembrance of Things Past/In Search of Lost Time): 1.5 million words published in 13 volumes. NOTE: the above Wikipedia quotation has since been corrected to read 1.5 million words published in 7 volumes. Proust was still working on this 7-volume monument when he died. The first English translation, by Scott Moncrief, was published in 12 volumes. Publishing history of A la recherche du temps perdu. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Plurals of Proper Names

Law Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law Cases - Essay Example Additionally, it questions if limiting specific conduct, can be due to an opinion that is unpopular. South Carolina Supreme Court decision was that the state had no power to arrest and charge the demonstrators totally based on the opinions they were expressing. The court indicated that the defendants were convicted of an offense that was general in nature and not of exact definition. The Supreme Court thus reversed the decision of the State Trial Court. Due to lack of hostility on the side of demonstrators as well as spectators in addition to lack of clear evidence that the traffic flow was disturbed by the demonstrators made the Supreme Court to reverse the decision. According to the Supreme Court, the state suppressed the demonstrator’s freedom of speech. The case involved Florida A&M students who demonstrated in a non-public drive near a jailhouse premises. Despite being warned by the sheriff, they continued with the demonstrations leading to the arrest of 107 students. After being convicted by Florida Circuit Court as well as the District Court of Appeals, the petitioners indicated that they were denied fourteenth amendments rights. The major issue in this case is to determine whether or not the students had the right to engage in a demonstration on non-public premises. Another issue was to determine whether the jailhouse is included in the category of public office. According to the Supreme Court, the drives as well as the jailhouse premises are not in the category of public property. Since the petitioners had no intention of seeking service from the jail the abatement argument was dismissed. During the hearing, violation of constitutional rights was not perceived to have an impact on the case. During this case, the reasoning was that the state has the right to enforce its rules to protect the ground that is private. There lacked recorded evidence

Finance for Managers; Writing Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance for Managers; Writing Assignment - Essay Example The study measures issues accomplished by the first holders of vehicles following three years. It has climbed one space in the not so distant future, to fifth, however drivers are eager to attempt different brands. "Youre getting adequate levels of value, unwavering quality and steadfastness from essentially every maker," said Jack Nerad, article executive of Kelley Blue Book. "That takes an enormous shaft out of Toyotas quiver." Toyotas are additionally not holding their resale esteem and they did before the reviews. For the 2011 model year, Kelley Blue Book predicts that all Toyota brands will be worth a normal of 39 percent of their buy cost following five years. In the 2009 model year, Toyotas were required to hold 47 percent of their worth following five years. Reserve directors, all different things being equivalent, as to put resources into "great organizations". Toyota had a solid record of developing incomes and benefits over a long period. Moreover, examination uncovered solid focal points – the celebrated generation framework, for instance, and a leaner expense structure during a period when outside adversaries were weighed down with benefits and medicinal services costs for previous workers. There were fascinating new items advancing, and an appearing lead in new crossover motor innovations, for example, those utilized as a part of the prominent Prius. A qualitative examination of their focused position and track record, of the sort a store director would perform on any stock, recommended that Toyota verifiably had been a "decent organization" previously. To address the inquiry of whether Toyota was still a "decent organization", speculators inclined intensely on the gathering with Toyotas administrators. The nations main two, Honda and Toyota, have headed the route in expanding the general piece of the overall industry for Japanese stocks by a normal of almost 60 percent. While the stocks have altogether dropped a

Freuds Model of the Human Mind Essay Example for Free

Freuds Model of the Human Mind Essay Nowadays, it is no doubt that human beings are suffering from depression and pressure in daily lives. However, most of the people are not aware of it. Psychologists have been focusing on how these repressed, and subconscious emotions play an active role throughout life since the early twentieth century. The ‘Father of Psychology’, Sigmund Freud, theorized a system of categorizing individual’s mental life into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the primitive part of a personality that respond directly to the human instinct; the ego is the decision-making component, and it develops to satisfy between the lust of the id and the external world; the superego is the preconscious part of the personality that deals with moral judgment. Many authors have incorporated this theory into their works by means of the characters. The novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, tells a story about the end of the innocence and the beginning of the savagery that a group of British children left stranded on a beautiful island after a plane crash, and they were immersed in freedom until the human nature took over. Golding utilizes Jack, Ralph, and Piggy who are the primary characters to interpret Freud’s concepts of this three types of human personality, respectively. First of all, Jack is the best concerned with the personality suggested by id. He represents the dark side of human nature, and he displays the id mentality through his violent actions. He had tried to maintain civilized before he started hunting. However, it does not remain constant. It fades soon while he is driven by his desires. The dictator becomes dominant in his personality. Following his desires, every time the first thing that comes to his mind is always to kill or hurt others. While Jack and his boys are managing to kill a wild boar, they begin dancing and saying, â€Å"[k]ill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in† (Golding 79). This chart indicates the unit desires among them and it also becomes a symbol of their savagery. It is obviously not a primary need but only meant for fun and pleasure. They are now driven by the innate desire for destruction. Furthermore, according to the ‘pleasure principle’, it seeks to avoid pain and unpleasantness in order to satisfy one’s biological and psychological needs. It is not bad enough to have desires but to act upon it. Jack does so to a mother sow, â€Å"Jack [is] on top of the sow, stabbing downward with his knifethe spear move[s] forward inch by inch and the terrified squealing [becomes] a high-pitched scream. Then Jack [finds] the throat and the hot blood spout[s] over his hands† (Golding 149). The imagery and action indicate that Jack does things without thought of any consequences, only for his own impulsive desires. Like the id aims to take over the thought in one’s mind without determining the needs of others rather than reality and morality. Secondly, Golding portrays Ralph as an embodiment of ego that makes sure to satisfy all the needs and wants of the id in a way that seems proper in today’s world, which means that ego not only interacts with conscious but also the unconscious mind. Ralph is the chief and one of the most influential boys in this little society. He constantly acts as a democratic leader that balancing between the id and superego. For instance, realizing Jack’s desire of being the chief, Ralph gives him control of the hunting team, â€Å"Ralph look[s] at him, eager to offer something. ‘The choir belongs to you, of course.’The suffusion drained away from Jack’s face† (Golding 19). He cares about others’ feelings and does something realistic that is allowed by the society. At the same time, he fulfills Jack’s desire to be a leader to a certain extent. This reasonable action, which is controlled by the ego, also satisfies the urges of id in a socially accepted way. Moreover, Ralph has a strong sense of responsibility. While he is complaining to Piggy that the other boys do not care about the importance of the fire going, he makes a confession, â€Å" ‘[s]upposing I got to like the othersnot caring. What ’up become of us’ † (Golding 153). He is more conscious of the society rather than himself. Ralph is a neutral leader as he identifies the savagery of it and the morality of superego in order to come up with a realistic situation for the public. Like the ego represents the rational aspect of the mind, and maintains peace and stability. To end with, Piggy personifies the concept of superego to carry out the instinctual moral good most of the times. Golding represents Piggy as being more logically and intellectually mature than the others. Acting as the voice of reason, the superego inside his personality moralizes him as a sympathetic and sensible boy and guides him to choose what is morally right. While Jack leads the boys to make noise and rush, â€Å"Ralph [is] left, holding the conch, with no one but Piggy† (Golding 37). As the mob is full of noise and movement, Piggy does not follow Jack in overexcitement, rather he keeps calm and stays with the chief. His superego dominates him to maintain civilization. He displays consistent attention to societal rulings and feels like structure is the most important thing to the boys. Whatsmore, Piggy is willing to contribute to the society. He is â€Å"so full of pride in his contribution to the good of society, that he helped to fetch wood† (Golding 142). The moral goodness and devoted nature of Piggy come from his instinct human nature. Like the superego meets the ethical standards by which the ego operates. In conclusion,

Big Bang Theory :: Big Bang Theory Science Religion Creation Essays

Big Bang Theory Fifteen billion years ago, give or take five billion years, the entirety of our universe was compressed into the confines of an atomic nucleus. Known as a singularity, this is the moment before creation when space and time did not exist. According to the prevailing cosmological models that explain our universe, an ineffable explosion, trillions of degrees in temperature on any measurement scale, that was infinitely dense, created not on fundamental subatomic particles and thus matter and energy but space and time itself. Cosmology theorists combined with the observations of their astronomy colleagues have been able to reconstruct the primordial chronology of events known as the big bang. Quantum theory suggests that moments after the explosion at 10 -20 second, the four forces of nature; strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic and gravity were combined as a single "super force" (Wald). Elementary particles known as quarks begin to bond in trios, forming photons, positrons and neutrinos and were created along with their antiparticles. There are minuscule amounts of protons and neutrons at this stage; approximately 1 for every one billion photons, neutrinos or electrons (Maffei). The density of the Universe in its first moment of life is thought to have been 1094g/cm3 with the majority of this being radiation. For each billion pairs of these heavy particles (hardens) that were created, one was spared annihilation due to particle-antiparticle collisions. The remaining particles constitute the majority of our universe today (Novikov). During this creation and annihilation of particles the universe was undergoing a rate of expansion many times the speed of light. Known as the inflationary epoch, the universe in less than one thousandth of a second doubled in size at least one hundred times, from an atomic nucleus to 1035 meters in width. An isotropic inflation of our Universe ends at 10-35 second that was almost perfectly smooth. If it were not for a slight fluctuation in the density distribution of matter, theorists contend, galaxies would have been unable to form (Parker). The universe at this point was ionized plasma where matter and radiation were inseparable. Additionally there were equal amounts of particles and antiparticles. The ratio of neutrons and protons albeit small is equal. When the universe aged to one hundredth of a second old neutrons begin to decay on a massive scale. This allows for free electrons and protons to combine with other particles. Eventually the remaining neutrons combine with protons to form heavy hydrogen (deuterium).

All Calculations Used to Arrive at Solutions Essay

1. Community Hospital has annual net patient revenues of $150 million. At the present time, payments received by the hospital are not deposited for six days on average. The hospital is exploring a lockbox arrangement that promises to cut the six days to one day. If these funds released by the lockbox arrangement can be invested at 8 percent, what will the annual savings be? Assume the bank fee will be $2,000 per month. 2. St. Luke’s Convalescent Center has $200,000 in surplus funds that it wishes to invest in marketable securities. If transaction costs to buy and sell the securities are $2,200 and the securities will be held for three months, what required annual yield must be earned before the investment makes economic sense? 3. Your firm is considering the following three alternative bank loans for $1,000,000: a) 10 percent loan paid at year end with no compensating balance b) 9 percent loan paid at year end with a 20 percent compensating balance c) 6 percent loan that is discounted with a 20 percent compensating balance requirement Assume that you would normally not carry any bank balance that would meet the 20 percent compensating balance requirement. What is the rate of annual interest on each loan? 4. An important source of temporary cash is trade credit, which does not actually bring in cash, but instead slows its outflow. Vendors often provide discounts for early payment. What is the formula to determine the effective interest rate if the discount is not utilized? 1. Community Hospital has annual net patient revenues of $150 million. At the present time, payments received by the hospital are not deposited for six days on average. The hospital is exploring a lockbox arrangement that promises to cut the six days to one day. If these funds released by the lockbox arrangement can be invested at 8 percent, what will the annual savings be? Assume the bank fee will be $2,000 per month. Annual net patient revenue = $150 million Lockbox arrangement will earn interest for 5 days (As payment received by the hospital are not deposited for 6 days. Lock box arrangement will cut the 6 days to 1 day). Interest rate = 8% Bank fee = $2,000 per month So, interest earned = $150 million *(5/365)*8% = $164,384 Annual bank fee = $2000*12 = $24,000 Hence, annual savings = $164,384 – $24,000 = $140,384 2. St. Luke’s Convalescent Center has $200,000 in surplus funds that it wishes to invest in marketable securities. If transaction costs to buy and sell the securities are $2,200 and the securities will be held for three months, what required annual yield must be earned before the investment makes economic sense? Surplus fund = $200,000 Transaction cost = $2,200 Holding period = 3 months So, yield should be minimum $2,200. Let minimum required annual yield = r% So, $200,000*(3/12)*r% = $2,200 50,000*r% = 2,200 r% = 2,200/50,000 = 4.40% Thus, minimum required annual yield = 4.40% 3. Your firm is considering the following three alternative bank loans for $1,000,000: Assume that you would normally not carry any bank balance that would meet the 20 percent compensating balance requirement. What is the rate of annual interest on each loan? a) 10 percent loan paid at year end with no compensating balance Annual interest rate = 10% b) 9 percent loan paid at year end with a 20 percent compensating balance Annual interest rate = 9%/(1-20%) = 11.25% c) 6 percent loan that is discounted with a 20 percent compensating balance requirement Annual interest rate = 6%/[(1-6%)*(1-20%)] = 7.98% 4. An important source of temporary cash is trade credit, which does not actually bring in cash, but instead slows its outflow. Vendors often provide discounts for early payment. What is the formula to determine the effective interest rate if the discount is not utilized? Effective interest rate if discount is not utilized = [Discount %/(1-Discount %)] x (360/(Full allowed payment days – Discount days)) Example: Let credit term is 2/10, n/30 Then effective interest rate if discount is not utilized = 2%/(1-2%)*(360/(30-10)) = 36.73%

Film and Classicism

Film scholars have long divided films into three stylistic categories: Realism, Classicism, and Formalism. The purpose of style-the way in which motion picture form molds content-depends on how the filmmaker approaches the narrative formation of the story he has decided to tell, the goal of a classicist is to tell a story in the best way possible. When I see films I like to escape my own reality so I’m choosing to write about Classicism. From the realism and formalism stand point, the classical style falls somewhere in between and is the more dominant way of telling the story, meaning this is what most film styles are, so it reaches a larger audience. Although classicism falls in between the genres of realism and formalism, most classicism films will lean more towards either realism or formalism (Giannetti, 2008). Realism, unlike classicism, is all about showing the truth. A realist will try to carry on the illusion that their film is an impartial reflection of the real world. Realism is about everyday people in everyday situations, for instance a documentary or your sister’s wedding filmed by your uncle Ted. The director wants the audience to feel like the events have actually happened and get inside the characters mind. Classicism, on the other hand, is fictional but it reminds you of the world we know, it’s all about idyllic storytelling. The narrative classical is typically based on a conflict between a central character who creates a problem and the adversary who resists it. Most films in this form begin with wanting to know how the lead character is going to get what he/she wants in the face of substantial opposition. The characters in classicism cinema are appealing and romanticized and audiences are encouraged to identify with the characters’ values and goals (Giannetti, 2008). The characters in the classical movie are played by actors and actresses instead of unknown people. (Giannetti, 2008) And at the other end of the scale we have formalism. Formalistic film makers sometimes do not even have characters and avoid a story all together. They have no desire to show reality. Formalism wants to show their own image of the world, sometimes to the extreme where it’s just abstract images and music to create an emotional and psychological experience. Classicism on the other hand, has images that are determined by the relevance of the story rather than the desire for authenticity, as is realism, or a desire for formal beauty, as formalism desires. Film critic, Herman G. Weinberg, describes the connection between the story and film flawlessly when he states, â€Å"The way a story is told is part of that story. You can tell the same story badly or well; you can also tell it well enough or magnificently. It depends on who is telling the story† (Giannetti, 2008, p. 8). Classism style rarely calls attention to itself, as realism and formalism styles do. (Giannetti, 2008) Yet, classicism is the leading style in films, it focuses on the story the film is trying to portray to the audience. Creating a realistic world and telling the story through an hidden lens to entertain an audience is the main reason I like this type of film. I want to get lost in the characters and feel like I’m taking part in the story.

Gabriel Garcia Mrquez essays

Gabriel Garcia Mrquez essays Gabriel Jos Garcia Mrquez was born on March 6th, 1928, in a small town called Aracataca, in Colombia. He was raised by his maternal grandparents, but he knew his real parents. He was one of sixteen children. His grandfather was Colonel Nicols Ricardo Mrquez Mejia. He was a veteran of the War of a Thousand Days, and a Colonel of the Civil War. Gabriel Mrquez often used the lessons his grandfather taught him when he was younger, in his books. His grandmother was Tranquilina Iguarn Cotes. She was very superstitious and told Gabriel that there were ghosts in their house, which he also wrote about in his books. Gabriels father was a telegraph operator named Gabriel Eligio Garcia. He had a reputation of being promiscuous and was the father of four children. He was also a former medical student. But, because his parents were poor, his grandparents raised him. When he was 8 years old, his grandfather died, so he had to go live with his parents in Sucre because his grandmother was going blind. While he was living with his parents, his father got a job at a pharmacy to raise some money to help take care of his family. Gabriel went to a boarding school in Barranquilla, and was known as a shy boy that wrote funny poems and drew cartoons. When he was a teenager, he won a scholarship for a school of gifted and poor children in Bogot. This school was called Liceo Nacional and was run by Jesuits. He graduated in 1946 when he was 18. He then went to the Universidad Nacional, which was also in Bogot. There, he studied Law, because thats what his parents wanted him to do. He came to realize that he really didnt want to study law anymore, so he quit to work as a journalist. He moved to Barranquilla, the town where his boarding school was, and got his first journalist job and wrote fiction when he got bored. The book by Franz Kafka, call...

The Ultimate College Graduation Checklist

The Ultimate College Graduation Checklist Graduation is coming, and you most likely are dealing with ten million things at the same time. On top of trying to make sure you pass your last semesters classes, you probably have family visiting, friends you want to spend some time with, and countless logistics to deal with before you can actually leave, diploma in hand, as a college graduate. Wouldnt it be nice if you had a handy college graduation checklist you could use to keep things organized? This list is meant to make the college graduation process a little easier. After all, after four (or more!) years of hard work, sleepless nights, and a lot of dedication, you deserve a little break! College Graduation Checklist Return your cap and gown on time - These are expensive if you forget to return them when youre supposed to.​Leave a forwarding address with the campus mail center and the alumni center - Even if its just your folks or a friends address as you sort things out, you dont want to lose your mail amidst your transition.Make sure you dont have any charges in your residence hall or apartment before you check out - Its much easier to deal with this on move-out day than two months later when you get hit with a whopper of a bill. Stay an extra 20 minutes and have someone (an RA or landlord) sign something saying you wont be charged for anything unexpected.Check in with the career center - Even if it just means getting a login and password so you can search their job databases later, utilizing their resources after graduation will be a lifesaver.Complete an exit interview if youre on financial aid - Most students receiving financial aid will need to complete an exit interview before being allowed to graduate. This can often be done on your computer and involves reading information about when your payments will begin to be due, etc. But not completing it can prevent you from getting your diploma. Make sure everything is cleared on your account in the financial aid and registrars office - The last thing you need is to be about to start a new job or graduate school, only to learn that theres a problem with your college account that you need to fix. Make sure both offices have everything they need from you before you leave campus.Check with the alumni office for deals on short-term insurance - From health insurance to car insurance, many alumni offices now offer programs to graduating seniors. Figure out what programs your school offers and what youre eligible for so that you dont have to spend too much time (or money!) searching for alternatives.Get copies of all your loan (and other) papers - From your housing contract to your loan paperwork, get copies of everything youll need down the road. This will be especially handy if there are any problems after you graduate.Compile all your electronic files in one place - When your computer was acting cranky two months ago, you may ha ve saved your amazing midterm paper on your roommates computer. Gather together all of your important documents (that you might need for job applications, writing samples, or graduate school) in one place, ideally stored in the cloud so you can access it wherever and whenever you need to. Grab a few copies of your transcript - You may think you wont need them, but you might also be surprised. New jobs, volunteer programs, and all kinds of folks may want to see your transcript after you graduate. Having a few with you will save you a lot of time, money, and trouble.Update your address with anyone who sends you a bill - This can include your bank, your cell phone provider, your loan companies, and your credit card companies. You may be so busy moving and looking for a job that you wont realize you havent received a phone bill for three months after you graduate at least until your service gets cut off.Get contact information for your references - Knowing where your references will be over the next few months, as well as how to reach them, may make or break you in certain situations. Who wants to miss out on a great job simply because a reference was unreachable while doing research in France? A quick email, phone call, or office visit to ensure you have everyones conta ct information is a smart idea. Get contact information for your friends - People will be so busy on graduation day, and there will be so many people around, that getting contact information from your friends will be mission: impossible. While social networking sites are a great place to start, having an actual email and phone number is best.​Write thank-you notes - Sure, it may seem old-fashioned, but writing thank-you notes to those who helped you the most during your time on campus, to those who gave you graduation gifts, and to anyone else who helped you along the way is a kind gesture and a great way to make sure you leave college on a high note.

Expo 2020 Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Expo 2020 Dubai - Essay Example According to the research findings, the Dubai Expo is anticipated to attract up to 25 million visitors 70% of whom who are expected to be from overseas. The Dubai Expo will be unique since it will be the first Expo whereby the majority of the visitors will be from other countries. The Expo will be held from 20 October 2020 to 10 April 2021 and during this time, the country will launch its Golden Jubilee celebration. It will also serve as a springboard whereby an advanced and sustainable vision for the coming decades will inaugurate. The pronounced exhibition apprehended in London in 1851 initiated the many World Expos that have occurred after it. It served as a symbol to the events of the world focusing to strengthen connections, celebrate cultural diversity and appreciate its technological advancements. World Expos have become a key meeting point for the global community. They also form a platform where people share innovations and discuss important matters such as the global econom y, sustainable development, and improve living standards. Home expos are held at an interval of five years, and they bring together millions of people and help them explore and discover new ideas. The events are attended by nations, international organizations, and business, and that offers a pool of ideas and innovations. Each World Expo is a spur for economic, cultural and social revolution and generates vital heirlooms for the host town and nation. For instance, Shanghai 2010 World Expo facilitated in transforming a heavily industrial city-center area into a booming cultural and commercial district.

International businesses look to locate foreign operations in Essay

International businesses look to locate foreign operations in countries which are stable. Outline and critically discuss the criteria by which they judge whether or not a country is stable - Essay Example Even so, international expansion is a complicated matter and companies intending to enter a new country should take into consideration a lot factors. They include the economic and political environment, the individual strengths and weaknesses of the company, the opportunities and threats seen there, business and marketing strategies, and even the cultural factors that is peculiar to a particular region. This paper looks at these factors and will provide a detailed review with regard to its importance and relevance in international expansion strategies. It will establish a system by which companies can assess whether a market is attractive and stable. The focus will be on two countries namely China and Dubai, to provide specific applications of theory and literature on this area. Specific factors influencing international target markets: The increase in globalization and free trade has now resulted in more and more companies looking to expand to overseas markets. Domestic competition is another factor the drives these companies to look for new markets. There are many factors (as mentioned above) that influence decision making by companies as to which market they should enter. â€Å"While only a few decades ago these external aspects were seen as centring on the home country of the business, the environmental horizon of business has widened to take in a host of international forces, which interact with national and local factors† (Morrison 2002, p 2). Morrison has provided a broad overview of the factors that influence international business as follows. The organization is pictured at the core of the diagram which shows the various forces that act on it in a domestic and international environment. The additional forces that act on it in an international setting are the nation-state, region, and world ones. It can be seen that economic, socio/cultural, legal, technical and political forces are common to both domestic and international

Overrepresentation of aboriginal youth in the canadian criminal Thesis

Overrepresentation of aboriginal youth in the canadian criminal justice system - Thesis Example uths depend on social aid, statistics indicate that on-reserve Aboriginal individuals that rely relying on social assistance comprise of 35% of the entire Aboriginal youths; this is a high rate in relation to the 5% of the Canadian population which depends on social support (Sprott and Doob 28). This statistic is a direct reflection of the high levels of on-reserve Aboriginal youths that depend on the social securities. This describes the high crime rates experienced among the on-reserve Aboriginal youth in relation to the off-reserve aboriginal youth. This aspect continues to contribute to the overrepresentation of the Aboriginal youths in the Canadian Criminal Justice System. In addition, there is a likelihood of readmitting an aboriginal youth-delinquent to a federal custody more than a non-Aboriginal youth. The overrepresentation of the Aboriginal youths is also reinforced by the fact there have been inadequate improvement of the general circumstances of the indigenous youths in the past two decades despite various partnerships, reports, reviews and various strategies. As a result, Canada continues to witness the overrepresentation of the Canadian Criminal Justice System. Additionally, the growth rate of the aboriginal population has grown significantly in relation to that of the non-Aboriginal between 1995 and 2006 (Munch 41). This reflects the current high number of the Aboriginal youths experiencing unemployment and engagement in drug abuse. Statistically, the Aboriginal population grew by 45% in relation to that of eight-percent among the non-indigenous group (Munch 33). For instance, the Metris growth number was approximately 389,000 while that of Inuit was about 50,000. On the other hand, the First Nations’ growth number was approximated at 698,000 (Sprott and Doob, 34). These figures represent the present number of aboriginal youths; as a result of high levels of social inequity between the aboriginal and non-aboriginal youths, the high number of

Gender Differences Within The Education System

Gender Differences Within The Education System The Education System consists of all school types, from pre-schools to universities all over the world. There are many different types of gender differences within the education system including: academic, social, emotional and behavioural. Academic gender differences are one of the most highly researched topics within the educational system. Within this essay I will discuss the widening gap between gender and achievement, and try to explain why these differences may be apparent, and how to change them. Research shows that academic gender differences are evident from 3years of age. Statistics from the Foundation Stage Profile Results for England for 2007-08 show that girls outperform boys in all 13 assessment scales. The main gap areas are social development (10% difference between genders) emotional development (11%) linking sounds and letters (11%) writing (18%) reading (11%) creative development (14%) (Steve Maynard, Gender differences in school, 2008) During the 70s when academic achievement was being investigated research was showing that girls where underachieving, they did less well in GCE exams, left school earlier than boys and were less likely to go to university. The main view was that gender differences were natural and unalterable, known as the Biological Deterministic approach. This may suggest why boys and girls were treated differently within the education system, as their adult roles were different I.e. men go out to work and women are home-makers, therefore not needing qualifications. However, if this is the case it is important to address why research within the past decade, evidently shows an increasing gender achievement gap with male students lagging behind females on a number of important indicators of school success. (Clark. M, Flower. K, Walton. J, Oakley. E., 2008). It could be argued that this is down to the changing views of society, along with the introduction of a compulsory national curriculum where both girls and boys where required to take foreign languages, English, sciences and maths. According to Wilkinson (1994) the Genderquake has a major part to play in the success of women within education today. He states that fundamental changes in attitudes towards female roles in society, have lead women to have a more positive attitude towards education as a means of improving their chances of success at work. A report from the Rowntree Foundation (2007) found that academic gender differences can continue up to age 16, showing that boys outnumber girls by 20% as low achievers at GCSE. Van Houtte (2004) suggests this may be due to the fact that males have a less study orientated culture that females. This would explain why achievement is higher in vocational and technical courses such as business studies, IT, geography (where more boys enter) and in separate sciences a more hands on approach to learning in males than females. Berg and Klinger (2009) found that subject performance is often associated with gender-specific stereotypes, and self-perceptions such as reading for girls and maths for boys. This may explain why one of the only academic subjects males seem to have out performed girls in is mathematics. Many studies show that mathematical achievement is a male dominated subject. A study in 2008, (Van de gaer, Pustjens, Van Damme. De Munter.) amongst Flemish students showed that boys performance in maths is linked to their participation within that subject boys participate in maths classes more than girls. Further support for the above points comes from (Kyong Hee Chee, 2005) whose analysis indicated that women are more likely to possess an academic ethic than men. They also found that women tend to have higher Grade Point Averages (GPAs). They found GPAs to be positively associated with active participation in extra-curricular groups and clubs, and GPA was negatively related to employment for men. These results pose the question in why there is such a large gap in achievement between genders? Experts say that the reason for this may be down to the difference in nature and nurturing between girls and boys. Genetic theories state that females excel in language based subjects due to their greater verbal and reasoning abilities, where as males have a high level of innate spatial ability, increasing their understanding of shape and form. As girls start to talk, read (read more often) and develop fine motor skills earlier than boys, they also progress quicker and develop more positive attitudes, they are generally better equipped for the start of formal schooling than boys. Once in school, girls tend to be more task-focused more methodical and conscientious, and far better at tackling coursework. Boys tend to be action-oriented impatient, imaginative, and inclined to take risks. They develop fine motor skills later than girls, and their learning and motivational skills are different. (Duffy, M. 2002) There have been many discussions about how to close the gap between gender and achievement. This has included changing the ways that children learn, and it has been suggested that more male teachers in primary schools could help boys within their achievement. It has been argued that women teachers talk to much causing boys to switch-off. Celia Lashlie, author of Hell Be Okay states that women teachers need to talk in lower pitches when teaching and use more non-verbal cues like males do. Male can be seen as positive role models towards education teachers can break down assumptions such as reading is for girls.(Times Educational Supplement) There are many campaigns in place to encourage boys to read, such as Welsh rugby players promoting reading within schools and libraries. Maloney (2002) states that boys like to read books that reflect themselves and who they aspire to be and appeal to their sense of humour. Interestingly,boys enjoy looking at newspapers, magazines and comic books but do not consider this reading, as these materials arent valued in school. It is therefore important that to encourage reading and literacy skills, schools need to provide enough material for boys to want to read. The most recent idea, that supports previous research findings is too change assessments to suit each of the genders needs. AQA, the UKs largest school exam board, propose developing gender-specific alternatives, that are tailor made for girls and boys, to GCSEs. It has been suggested that these new key-stage 4 qualifications in English, Maths and Science could be taught as early as 2011, with coursework options for girls and more traditional exams aimed at boys. AQAs director of curriculum and assessment, said: We could offer a route for boys that is very different to a route for girls. Girls tend to perform better with coursework while boys do better with end-of-year exams. So we are pursuing that in science to see if we could have an option in science where we might have a straightforward examination for boys but a possibility of having a coursework option for girls. (Bill Alexander 2010, TES). Even though the research within this essay often has a large sample size, and seems to have the same effect across cultures, It has been argued that, although research has shown that by the age of seven, some boys are almost two and a half years behind their brightest female class mates, gender is only a small part of academic gender gap, and factors such as poverty, ethnicity and birth season have a larger effect on a childs academic achievement. The analysis conducted in 2000, revealed that the most disadvantaged pupils are male from a poor, ethnic-minority background, born in the summer, never went to nursery and spent their primary years moving from school to school. These children were more than two years behind more socially-advantaged, winter-born, female classmates. (Birminghams Education Authority) Also, biological theories for gender differences within education, can be strongly criticised. Genetic explanation can not explain how gender differences have narrowed between mathematics and science based subjects since the 1980s. Arguably, if these differences were genetic they would be expected to remain constant. Kelly (1982) suggests that the types of toys children play with can be attributed to the differences in spatiality ability. Further support for this point comes from Sharpe (1976), who argues that childhood socialization plays a large part in masculine and feminine identity roles. This may suggest why women tended to stick to feminine subjects such as home economics, and art other than science and technology, which are seen masculine. This provides further support for the views of the Gender-quake and the changing roles of women within society, henceforth the success of females academic achievement over males. In conclusion, there are many reasons for academic gender differences within the education system, including the stereotypes and the views of gender roles within society. In order to close the gap that seems to be continuously growing, changing ways in which teaching is approached seems to be a logical solution. This includes the encouraging boys to read, as it has been suggested that due to a lack of reading boys are held back in their writing skills. changing the ways in which assessment is carried out, may be more beneficial. (Times Educational Supplement) As well as tailoring assessments to suit the needs of each gender, especially as boys seem to better in exams, especially those that are multiple choice due to their nature of risk-taking behaviour (Ramos, and Lambating, 1996) where as girls are more likely to excel in coursework . Another option is also allowing more hands on and vocational subjects onto the curriculum. In order to see if these options take effect, it is important for researchers to keep up to date with the current operations of the educational system and keep carrying out their research. Words: 1607.

Chinese Education Essay -- China Educating School History Essays

Chinese Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Education system in China although different than America’s has many good qualities. The view of Education in China has changed dramatically over the last forty years; it has gone from there being no real system to one that is held up to be one of the best in the world. In this paper I will go through the history of Chinese education and show how much it truly has changed. I will also look at how it is now and what China can expect for its future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1949 The People’s Republic of China was formed by the Communist party. This happened after much struggle between the communists and the nationalists. The leader of the communist party and the new People’s Republic was Mao Zedong. When the communists took over China they implemented many new ideas that were supposed to bring China up to speed in regards to the industrial development. He started the five year plan in which the people and government of China was to focus on the development of industry and to challenge the old ways of thinking. The old ways were called â€Å"the four olds† these were habits, ideas, customs, and cultures. After three years Mao asked for feedback of all of the changes that had been occurring, this was called â€Å"The Hundred Flowers Campaign†. The people didn’t all like what had been happening; especially the educated and they gave bad feedback to Mao. He decided to purge the society of these †Å"poisonous weeds† as he called the educated because they challenged his authority. At this time all education was focused on redness which is the communist ideology. This is when the battle of the government verses the educated began and continued for many years. For many years the different plans that Mao thought of were not as successful as he had hoped. In 1959 Mao Zedong stepped down as the nation’s leader but remained as the communist’s party leader. He did this in order to take responsibility for the failures of the Great Leap Forward, and the other problems that had been caused under his leadership. Then in 1965 Mao took control of the government once again and this is when he established the Proletariat Cultural Revolution. Mao believed that the educated people were to blame for the many problems of China, he thought they hindered Marxism. So from 1966 to 1976 the entire education system was closed down in order to fix the problems caused and to focus m... ...tem different than the American Education system are mostly small things but there are some larger differences as well. Some of the small differences are that in China the students attend school six days a week, and that they have vacations in July and August. Some of the larger differences are that standardized tests are considered more important than grades when being considered for colleges, and that children are not supposed to ask questions in class they are only supposed to listen to lectures. In America questions are considered to be one of the major keys to understanding what you are learning. Questions are encouraged to broaden the thoughts of not only the students but also possibly the teachers as well. There are reasons that the Chinese education system is the way that it is and that is their choice to keep it that way. The government has major control over what is taught in schools and this effects what happens in them and what is learned. In America a school’s curriculum are made up by the local government and so it can vary from state to state. This is not to say that American education is right and China’s education is wrong I am just pointing out the differences.

Creating a database of computer games Essay

I am creating a database of computer games. It is intended to both aid the customer in choosing which game to purchase, if any. It is also intended to aid the staff of the store by easily providing them with any information that they need for whatever reason (for example helping a customer with an enquiry). They have the problems of there being a lot of different computer games available on a number of different ‘platforms’ (different hardware systems), this means that it will either take a long time for a customer to search through all of the games available to them and to find the look of one that they like, or they cannot see all the games that are in stock, for instance there could be some in the stock room that they do not know about. These problems all currently exist in the shop and there is no way of customers to know the information they require, they just have to ask members of staff. This database will help them, as it will display all the games in the shop and the stock room. It will also display the rating given to the game by a reputable independent magazine for that format (CUBE in this case). It will also display a hyperlink to a review for the game, so that they can find out if the game is suitable to their tastes. In this case it takes them to totalgames. net, an affiliate of CUBE magazine, so the reviews are reliable and coincide with the rating. I chose to use a database software package called Microsoft Access because it allows me to satisfy all the requirements of the product I am working on. It allows me to easily enter the data that I have collected in the form Of a table, it then allows me to create queries so that the user can easily sift through all the data and find the information that they require. It also allows forms to be made, which provide an easy and simple user interface, so that all the functions that the user will require are available to them, and they need not go into any other part of the program. It also allows you to create reports and they can then be printed easily. These are all functions that can be performed in a database but not other software such as a spreadsheet or a Word Processor. Analysis I collected my data from a number of different sources; these include a magazine, which has a directory in the back to allow me to collect a lot of the data which I require (see pages and ) . I also used the website http://www. totalgames. net which has a large database of reviews for games, which allowed me to both provide a direct link to a full and comprehensive review for most of the games listed in my database, as well as allowing me to obtain another review score so as to be able to get an average. I also collected data such as prices for the games (which I could not obtain from the other sources) in the database from shops such as GAME(r). I collected the data from the shops using my data capture form, of which a blank example can be found on page and the completed example may be found on page. I validated my data in a number of ways. I created a couple of input masks so that information could not be entered incorrectly; fig 1. 2 displays an error that was displayed if you entered text in a numeric field. Another one was to just check all entries by proof reading them, both as I entered them and then reading through again after entering them. The second was to run a spell check, to pick up on any spelling anomalies and allow me to check the manually. This picked up on a couple of mistakes which I was able to edit (see fig 1. 1 below).

Deception Point Page 6

As the PaveHawk settled onto the runway beside the President's plane, Rachel now understood the references to Air Force One being the commander-in-chief's â€Å"portable home court advantage.† The machine was an intimidating sight. When the President flew to other countries to meet heads of state, he often requested – for security purposes – that the meeting take place on the runway aboard his jet. Although some of the motives were security, certainly another incentive was to gain a negotiating edge through raw intimidation. A visit to Air Force One was far more intimidating than any trip to the White House. The six-foot-high letters along the fuselage trumpeted â€Å"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.† A female English cabinet member had once accused President Nixon of â€Å"waving his manhood in her face† when he asked her to join him aboard Air Force One. Later the crew jokingly nicknamed the plane â€Å"Big Dick.† â€Å"Ms. Sexton?† A blazer-clad Secret Serviceman materialized outside the chopper and opened the door for her. â€Å"The President is waiting for you.† Rachel got out of the chopper and gazed up the steep gangway at the bulging hull. Into the flying phallus. She had once heard the flying â€Å"Oval Office† had over four thousand square feet of interior floor space, including four separate private sleeping quarters, berths for a twenty-six-member flight crew, and two galleys capable of providing food for fifty people. Climbing the stairway, Rachel felt the Secret Serviceman on her heels, urging her upward. High above, the cabin door stood open like a tiny puncture wound on the side of a gargantuan silver whale. She moved toward the darkened entryway and felt her confidence starting to ebb. Easy, Rachel. It's just a plane. On the landing, the Secret Serviceman politely took her arm and guided her into a surprisingly narrow corridor. They turned right, walked a short distance, and emerged into a luxurious and spacious cabin. Rachel immediately recognized it from photographs. â€Å"Wait here,† the serviceman said, and he disappeared. Rachel stood alone in Air Force One's famous wood-paneled fore cabin. This was the room used for meetings, entertaining dignitaries, and, apparently, for scaring the hell out of first-time passengers. The room spanned the entire width of the plane, as did its thick tan carpeting. The furnishings were impeccable – cordovan leather armchairs around a bird's-eye maple meeting table, burnished brass floor lamps beside a continental sofa, and hand-etched crystal glassware on a mahogany wet bar. Supposedly, Boeing designers had carefully laid out this fore cabin to provide passengers with â€Å"a sense of order mixed with tranquility.† Tranquility, however, was the last thing Rachel Sexton was feeling at the moment. The only thing she could think of was the number of world leaders who had sat in this very room and made decisions that shaped the world. Everything about this room said power, from the faint aroma of fine pipe tobacco to the ubiquitous presidential seal. The eagle clasping the arrows and olive branches was embroidered on throw pillows, carved into the ice bucket, and even printed on the cork coasters on the bar. Rachel picked up a coaster and examined it. â€Å"Stealing souvenirs already?† a deep voice asked behind her. Startled, Rachel wheeled, dropping the coaster on the floor. She knelt awkwardly to retrieve it. As she grasped the coaster, she turned to see the President of the United States gazing down at her with an amused grin. â€Å"I'm not royalty, Ms. Sexton. There's really no need to kneel.† 7 Senator Sedgewick Sexton savored the privacy of his Lincoln stretch limousine as it snaked through Washington's morning traffic toward his office. Across from him, Gabrielle Ashe, his twenty-four-year-old personal assistant, read him his daily schedule. Sexton was barely listening. I love Washington, he thought, admiring the assistant's perfect shape beneath her cashmere sweater. Power is the greatest aphrodisiac of all†¦ and it brings women like this to D.C. in droves. Gabrielle was a New York Ivy Leaguer with dreams of being a senator herself one day. She'll make it too, Sexton thought. She was incredible-looking and sharp as a whip. Above all, she understood the rules of the game. Gabrielle Ashe was black, but her tawny coloring was more of a deep cinnamon or mahogany, the kind of comfortable in-between that Sexton knew bleeding heart â€Å"whites† could endorse without feeling like they were giving away the farm. Sexton described Gabrielle to his cronies as Halle Berry's looks with Hillary Clinton's brains and ambition, although sometimes he thought even that was an understatement. Gabrielle had been a tremendous asset to his campaign since he'd promoted her to his personal campaign assistant three months ago. And to top it all off, she was working for free. Her compensation for a sixteen-hour workday was learning the ropes in the trenches with a seasoned politician. Of course, Sexton gloated, I've persuaded her to do a bit more than just work. After promoting Gabrielle, Sexton had invited her to a late night â€Å"orientation session† in his private office. As expected, his young assistant arrived starstruck and eager to please. With a slow-moving patience mastered over decades, Sexton worked his magic†¦ building up Gabrielle's trust, carefully stripping away her inhibitions, exhibiting tantalizing control, and finally seducing her right there in his office. Sexton had little doubt the encounter had been one of the most sexually gratifying experiences of the young woman's life, and yet, in the light of the day, Gabrielle clearly regretted the indiscretion. Embarrassed, she offered to resign. Sexton refused. Gabrielle stayed on, but she made her intentions very clear. The relationship had been strictly business ever since. Gabrielle's pouty lips were still moving. â€Å"†¦ don't want you to be lackadaisical going into this CNN debate this afternoon. We still don't know who the White House is sending as opposition. You'll want to peruse these notes I typed.† She handed him a folder. Sexton took the folder, savoring the scent of her perfume mixed with the plush leather seats. â€Å"You aren't listening,† she said. â€Å"Certainly am.† He grinned. â€Å"Forget about this CNN debate. Worst case scenario, the White House snubs me by sending some low-level campaign intern. Best case scenario, they send a bigwig, and I eat him for lunch.† Gabrielle frowned. â€Å"Fine. I've included a list of the most probable hostile topics in your notes.† â€Å"The usual suspects no doubt.† â€Å"With one new entry. I think you might face some hostile backlash from the gay community for your comments last night on Larry King.† Sexton shrugged, barely listening. â€Å"Right. The same-sex marriage thing.† Gabrielle gave him a disapproving look. â€Å"You did come out against it pretty strongly.† Same-sex marriages, Sexton thought in disgust. If it were up to me, the faggots wouldn't even have the right to vote. â€Å"Okay, I'll turn it down a notch.† â€Å"Good. You've been pushing the envelope a bit on some of these hot topics lately. Don't get cocky. The public can turn in an instant. You're gaining now, and you have momentum. Just ride it out. There's no need to hit the ball out of the park today. Just keep it in play.† â€Å"Any news from the White House?† Gabrielle looked pleasantly baffled. â€Å"Continued silence. It's official; your opponent has become the ‘Invisible Man.'† Sexton could barely believe his good fortune lately. For months, the President had been working hard on the campaign trail. Then suddenly, a week ago, he had locked himself in the Oval Office, and nobody had seen or heard from him since. It was as if the President simply could not face Sexton's groundswell of voter support.